Upload your video walkthrough covering excavation estimating and grading techniques.

• Always check the geotechnical report for soil classifications and compaction requirements.
• Specs may reference ASTM or CalTrans standards for aggregate base, fill, and topsoil.
• Watch for clear descriptions of over-excavation, backfill materials, and trench shielding.
• Excavation for underground utilities and foundations may be listed by unit price or cubic yard.
• Review dewatering requirements, erosion control, and preconstruction testing if applicable.

1. What should you look for in a geotechnical report?
   Answer: Soil classifications, compaction requirements, and fill specifications.
2. What does over-excavation typically entail?
   Answer: Excavating beyond the planned depth to ensure proper subgrade preparation and accommodate unsuitable soil conditions.
3. What are the common standards for backfill materials?
   Answer: ASTM standards or local agency guidelines (e.g., CalTrans) typically govern backfill material requirements and compaction testing.
4. Why is dewatering important in earthwork?
   Answer: Dewatering ensures excavation stability and protects against groundwater contamination, which could affect project timelines and costs.
5. How is excavation often priced?
   Answer: By unit price, cubic yard, or linear foot, depending on the scope and excavation depth for utilities or foundations.

Division 31: Earthwork

🔹 Key Teaching Points

1️⃣ Soil Classification & Compaction

• Always review the geotechnical report to determine soil type, compaction standards, and recommended fill material.
• Check for ASTM or CalTrans standards that govern the type and compaction of aggregate base, fill, and topsoil.

2️⃣ Excavation for Underground Utilities & Foundations

• Excavation may be priced by unit, cubic yard, or square footage. Check pricing methods in the contract documents.
• Clarify trench dimensions, over-excavation allowances, and backfill material requirements.

3️⃣ Trench Shielding & Safety

• Division 31 may specify trench shielding requirements for worker safety. Ensure compliance with OSHA standards.
• Check for any special provisions on shoring or bracing for deep excavations.

4️⃣ Dewatering & Erosion Control

• Dewatering plans may be specified in Division 31. Ensure any pumps, piping, or drainage systems are accounted for in the estimate.
• Check for erosion control measures such as silt fencing, mulch, and sediment basins.

5️⃣ Pre-Construction Testing

• Preconstruction testing may include soil compaction tests, moisture content, and aggregate quality. Ensure these are considered for timing and costs.
• Look for notes about testing intervals, documentation requirements, and responsibilities for performing these tests.

✅ Wrap-Up Summary

• Division 31 covers everything from soil analysis to excavation safety — key to ensuring structural stability and project success.
• Missing out on soil or compaction specifications can lead to expensive rework and delays.
• Coordination with other divisions (such as utilities and foundations) is essential for accurate earthwork estimates.