S F Johnson Consulting, LLC
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Division 08

Division 08

🚪 Division 08 — Openings

Doors & Frames • Door Hardware (mechanical & electrified) • Windows/Storefront/Curtain Wall • Glazing • Louvers • Access Panels. Coordinate with Div 07 (WRB/flashings), Div 26 (power), Div 27/28 (access control), life safety, and the door & window schedules.

🧭 Scope (What Div 08 Covers)

  • Doors: wood, hollow metal (HM), aluminum/FRP, specialty (STC, x-ray, blast, detention).
  • Frames: HM, aluminum storefront, thermally broken frames, borrowed lites, sidelites.
  • Hardware: hinges, locks/latches, closers, panic devices, operators, gasketing, thresholds.
  • Windows & glazed assemblies: storefront, curtain wall, window wall, skylights.
  • Glazing: IGU, laminated, tempered, wired, fire-protective vs fire-resistive.
  • Louvers & access doors/panels; smoke/egress components.

🔎 Schedules & Symbols (Read These First)

  • Door #: matches tag on plan/elevation; check size (W×H), type/core, FRR, vision lite, Hardware Set.
  • Handing: RH/LH (push side hinges right/left); RHR/LHR for reverse.
  • Swing: 90°/180°; egress direction indicated by arrow arc.
  • Window schedule: type, operation (fixed, awning, slider), glazing type, U-factor, SHGC, DP, water/air ratings.

🚪 Doors (Quick)

  • Wood: solid core (mineral/particleboard/LVL); veneer/HPL; edges sealed.
  • HM: 16–14 ga skins; honeycomb or insulated; welded or knock-down frames.
  • Aluminum/FRP: for storefront/exterior abuse; pair with thermal frames.
  • Vision lites: safety glazing in hazardous locations; fire-rated glass as required.
  • Leafs: 3-0 × 7-0 typical; pairs 6-0/7-0; verify clear width & head room.

🧱 Frames & Anchors

  • HM frames: anchors @ each hinge/kick (typ. 3–5 per jamb) to substrate (CMU, stud, concrete).
  • Thermal breaks for exterior aluminum; subsill flashing & end dams at storefront.
  • Borrowed lites: coordinate safety/fire ratings and mullion/borrowed lite stops.

♿ Code & ADA Highlights (Verify Local)

  • Clear width: 32" min at 90° (leafs usually 36" to achieve).
  • Approach clearances: pull side 18" latch side (typ.); push side 12" (no closer/no latch exceptions vary).
  • Hardware height: 34–48" AFF; operable with one hand, no tight grasp/twist.
  • Force: interior non-fire doors ≤5 lbf to open; closers 5 sec from 90°→12° (check spec).
  • Egress: doors serving OL ≥50 or high-hazard swing in direction of egress; panic devices where required.

🧰 Door Hardware — Fast Reference (Mechanical + Electrified)

Typical Leaf (7'-0")

Hinges: 3 (4 for 8'-0"). Lock/latch as set; closer if rated or per spec; stop; kickplate; silencers (3); threshold + sweep/weatherstrip at exterior.

Common Sets (Examples)

Office (Storeroom/Office): hinges, cyl lock (office or storeroom), closer, stops.

Restroom: privacy/indicator or passage + deadbolt; closer if required; grab bar backing (Div 10).

Exit (Pair): rim/vertical rod panic(s), coordinator/flush bolts as detailed, closers (2), astragal/gasketing, threshold.

Electrified (Coordinate Early)

Electric strikes, maglocks (use only where allowed), electrified locks, power transfer (hinge/cord), door position switches, request-to-exit (REX), readers. Free egress at all times; fail-safe vs fail-secure as designed.

Fire & Smoke

Labeled doors/frames; self-closing/positive-latching; S-label smoke gaskets where required; vision glazing fire-listed to rating/size limits.

🪟 Windows & Glazed Systems

  • Storefront: zone-drained; limited spans; typically at ground floor.
  • Curtain wall: pressure-equalized, multi-story, anchors to structure; better movement/thermal breaks.
  • Window wall: slabs-to-slab infill; coordinate spandrel & fire-safing at floors.
  • Performance: NFRC U-factor/SHGC; DP/air/water (ASTM/AAMA); thermally broken frames at exterior.

🔬 Glazing Types (Quick)

  • IGU: insulated glass unit; Low-E coatings; warm-edge spacers.
  • Tempered (safety) in hazardous locations; laminated for security/guard/overhead.
  • Fire-protective (limited area/time) vs fire-resistive (wall-rated assemblies). Use listed systems only.
  • Spandrel glass at opaque zones; back-pans/insulation per system.

🌧️ Flashing & WRB Integration

  • Subsill pans with end dams, back dams; shingle-lap WRB to head/jambs.
  • Head flashing with end dams; sealant at jambs; leave drainage path.
  • Coordinate sealant chemistry with finishes (no 3-sided adhesion; use backer rod).

🔥 Fire Door Ratings (Common)

  • 20 min (corridor), 45 min (exit access), 60 min, 90 min, 3 hr (fire wall) — labels on leaf & frame.
  • Glazing in rated doors is limited by listing; use listed glass/kit (ceramic/laminated FR).
  • Self-closing (or auto-closing on actuation) & positive-latching required.

🧯 Egress Devices

  • Panic/Fire exit hardware where required by occupancy/width; dog-down only where allowed.
  • Delayed egress & controlled egress doors: strictly per code; signage & time-outs; fire alarm releases.
  • Hold-opens tied to smoke/heat detection & close on alarm.

🧮 Quick Math & Takeoff Shortcuts

Hardware Count (per leaf)

Hinges: 3 @ 7'-0" (top 5" down, 10" from bottom, center equally); 4 @ 8'-0". Closers on rated/exterior/leaded sets; stops at all unless holder/stop in closer arm.

Sealant LF

Perimeter LF = 2×(W+H). Tubes ≈ 25 LF @ ¼"×¼" bead (check yield).

Glazing Area

SF = (W × H) ÷ 144 (inches→feet). Add 5–10% waste; spandrel excluded.

Storefront Stick Count (ROM)

Verticals ≈ opening width ÷ typical bay + ends; horizontals per lite rows + headers/sills.

Frame Anchors

Per jamb ≈ at each hinge height + base (HM). Sill anchors as detailed.

Energy Check

Assemblies must meet U-factor & SHGC from energy code/climate zone; verify NFRC labels.

✅ Submittals & Coordination

  • Door/frame/hardware shop drawings with matrix by opening #; hardware sets by number.
  • Electrified door one-line diagrams: power, readers, REX, DPS, power transfer; point-to-point with Div 26/28.
  • Window/cw/storefront calculations, anchorage, thermal data, water/air/structural test reports.
  • Mock-ups: water/air testing at representative bay if specified.

🔧 Installation Notes

  • Plumb/level/square frames; shim at anchors; grout filled where required.
  • Thresholds continuous, ADA compliant; seal at exterior per detail.
  • Field verify handing, swing clearance, floor finish build-up under doors.
  • For windows, set/pack glass per glazing pocket depth; setting blocks & edge clearances per manufacturer.

🦺 Safety Notes

  • Glazing: cut-resistant gloves; suction cups/setting frames; glass edge protection.
  • Hot-work for frame welding; fire watch & shields at adjacent finishes.
  • Ladders/scaffolds for high openings; fall protection at atriums/edges.

📝 Self Test

  1. Minimum clear opening width at doors (ADA/IBC typical)?
  2. List the components of a basic exterior single-leaf hardware set.
  3. What’s the difference between storefront and curtain wall?
  4. Where must safety glazing (tempered/laminated) be used?
  5. Fire-protective vs fire-resistive glazing — what’s the key difference?
  6. Compute glazing SF: 5'-0" × 4'-6" lite.
  7. How many hinges for an 8'-0" leaf?
  8. Name two items you must coordinate for an electrified lockset.
  9. What elements create an effective subsill flashing at windows/storefront?
  10. Give one reason door pairs often need coordinators/flush bolts.

Answers: (1) 32" clear at 90°. (2) Hinges, lock/latch (cylinder), closer, stop, threshold + sweep/weatherstrip, silencers. (3) Storefront = ground-floor, stick-built, limited spans; Curtain wall = multi-story, pressure-moderated system with anchors and better movement/thermal performance. (4) Near doors, bath/shower enclosures, low sill areas, large panes near walking surfaces (per code). (5) Protective = limits heat & area; Resistive = meets wall rating and blocks heat (use listed systems). (6) 5'×4.5' = 22.5 SF. (7) 4. (8) Power transfer & power source; door position/REX/reader locations; fail-safe/secure logic. (9) Panned subsill with back dam, end dams, slope to exterior, sealant at up-stand, shingle-lapped WRB. (10) To control active leaf closing order & secure the inactive leaf.