The HVAC Study Module 1
HVAC Estimating Fundamentals
This course covers the core principles and foundational knowledge required to accurately estimate HVAC systems for new construction and retrofit projects. The content is structured for estimators, HVAC technicians, apprentices, and project managers entering the world of mechanical takeoffs and bidding.
Course Goals
- Understand HVAC system components and how they affect cost
- Develop a systematic approach to mechanical takeoffs
- Interpret mechanical drawings and equipment schedules
- Apply labor units and material pricing accurately
- Build comprehensive and competitive HVAC bids
Course Modules
1. HVAC System Basics
- Types of HVAC systems (Split, RTU, VRF, Chillers, Boilers)
- Key components: air handlers, ductwork, diffusers, controls
- How systems are zoned and what affects load sizing
- Impact of design choices on labor and materials
2. Plan Reading for Estimators
- How to navigate M, A, S, P, and E sheets
- Mechanical symbols, legends, duct/pipe tags, and callouts
- Locating equipment, duct paths, diffuser counts, and specs
- How to cross-reference schedules and notes with drawings
3. Ductwork Takeoffs
- Measuring linear feet of straight duct
- Counting fittings: 90s, 45s, reducers, transitions, dampers
- Classifying duct by size and gauge
- Applying waste factors and support/hanger costs
4. Piping and Condensate Takeoffs
- Identify refrigerant and hydronic piping systems
- Measuring pipe runs and associated fittings
- Accounting for insulation, strapping, and valve kits
- Roof and floor penetrations and firestopping
5. Equipment and Controls
- Locating and labeling HVAC equipment on plans
- Reading equipment schedules (CFM, tonnage, voltages)
- Understanding scope of DDC/BAS controls and wiring
- Estimating startup and commissioning labor
6. Labor & Cost Calculations
- Using industry-standard manhour tables (e.g. SMACNA)
- Adjusting labor for height, difficulty, congestion
- Pricing materials (sheet metal, flex, pipe, grilles)
- Factoring overhead, supervision, and contingency
7. Final Estimate & Bid Package
- Summary sheets and breakout pricing by system
- Clarifying inclusions, exclusions, and assumptions
- Writing a professional scope letter or proposal
- Review process before submission
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