👷 Module 5: Labor Estimating & Productivity Factors
Turn quantities into manhours using labor units — then adjust for real job conditions with clear productivity factors.
Labor units (baseline)
Productivity factors
Crew cost roll-up
🎬 Watch the Lesson
Pause when needed—then complete the exercise right after.
📋 Key Takeaways
- Start with a labor unit (hours per LF or per EA).
- Apply a productivity factor (1.00 baseline; higher for tough conditions).
- Manhours × composite crew rate = labor dollars.
- Roll up labor by system (devices, lighting, conduit/wire, feeders, gear).
🧰 Do This Now (Labor Build)
Use one small scope from your takeoff and build manhours. Document assumptions clearly (that’s what makes it defensible).
✔ Tip: Factor by condition (access, height, congestion, security), not by guess. Write the reason next to the number.
🧾 Productivity Factors Quick Reference
Use this to justify your factor selection. Keep it simple and consistent.
| Condition | Typical Factor | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Normal conditions (baseline) | 1.00 | Open areas, standard access, normal hours. |
| Congested work area | 1.20 – 1.50 | Tight ceiling space; multiple trades in the same zone. |
| Overhead work (ladders/lifts) | 1.15 – 1.35 | Extended overhead work slows install pace. |
| Occupied / secure facility | 1.20 – 1.40 | Restricted access, escorts, shutdown windows. |
| Night / weekend work | 1.15 – 1.30 | Fatigue + limited supervision reduce efficiency. |
| Prefabrication (shop assemblies) | 0.70 – 0.85 | Shop-built racks/assemblies reduce onsite hours. |
| High repetition tasks | 0.85 – 0.95 | Repeating identical work often improves speed. |
Use your company’s labor tables as the source of truth. The table above supports your factor selection and estimate notes.
✅ Skill Check
- What is a labor unit?
- When do you apply a productivity factor (and why)?
- What does a factor greater than 1.00 mean?
- What’s included in a composite crew rate?
- Why should labor be rolled up by system or phase?